The Bizarre Secret of Race Class and Gender Essay Topics

The Bizarre Secret of Race Class and Gender Essay Topics No matter how or whenever you have become involved with equity work, it's always feasible to more fully integrate intersectionality in your view of these problems. Discrimination at work and in schools is still quite common. The issues also have issues that exist around the world concerning gender. If you are not certain which laws could be applicable and the way to safeguard yourself and your users, please consult with a lawyer. The Chronicles of Race Class and Gender Essay Topics Text messaging during class will negatively affect your grade. Intersectionality might appear theoretical, but it is intended to be utilized. The optional programs are tough to get into, receive info about, and require families to devote a great amount of time standing in line to sign their children up. The attendance grade is dependent on attending class. What Race Class and Gender Essay Topics Is - and What it Is Not This paper will att empt to trace the trajectory of the problem of race throughout the growth of America. Race Rebels indicates how a cultural world can become a political method of resistance. The secular standpoint and the narrative that we're taught is that this was all the consequence of the industrial and scientific revolution. It looks like every time we make some sort of progress it's out shadowed by the sum of prejudice and double standard that's hidden behind that fake progress. The Chronicles of Race Class and Gender Essay Topics Apparently, you cannot compose a great summary essay of a source that you don't understand. Yes, it's challenging to steer clear of sensitive or provoking ideas when it has to do with selecting a topic for this type of paper. It's a one-sentence overview of the whole text your essay summarizes. All these writings and possibly even drawings are able to make your work visual and therefore much simpler. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Race Class and G ender Essay Topics If a young child grows up with a mother who's very athletic, she is more likely to look at sports as a normal part of being a true girl. An individual must have the core of the spiritual warrior. Women and men are portrayed as polar opposites with unique abilities. From the moment of birth, they are put into different pots. The Good, the Bad and Race Class and Gender Essay Topics To argue against a biological foundation for racial categorization isn't to say that the idea of race doesn't play a substantial part in the structure of contemporary society. The gender studies exist to boost understanding of the idea of gender and between genders generally. In the modern society, it means so much more than it used to. These days, the theme of gender equality and gender studies is extremely popular all around the world. Up in Arms About Race Class and Gender Essay Topics? An individual cannot help but become more conscious of the world, one's place in it, and the capacity for change on account of the experience. Whenever these people today share their experiences, take the chance to listen. Please remember that personal experience is quite significant in gender studies, it can provide you a few insights and steer you through the manner of your research, but nevertheless, it can't be the universally relevant data. It is beneficial even in the event the research is extremely similar to your own feelings. Be certain to take a look at our writers' other works that are accessible via links on their personal Medium profile pages. Note, however, that vernacular dialects are occasionally appropriate, based on your audience and your rhetorical function. If such a category is made, it must be immediately depopulated and deleted. Each topic within this category represents a controversial issue and thus is a great option if you are searching for argumentative or persuasive essay topics. Race in our society is thought to be a social constru ct. They fought not just for representation in both the Civil Rights and feminist movements, but in addition for recognition as black ladies, as opposed to just black or simply female individuals. Global organizations like the World Bank interact with countries throughout the world. The truth of monumental shift in human affairs in the center of 19th Century. If you are not sure about a concept or would like to find out more about a particular intersection of identity, Google it! Particularly in regards to details about a user's identify, it is vital to provide multi-select checkboxes in any circumstance when a user could potentially identify as multiple choices that you offer. In summary, intersectionality interrogates whether a person is visible within a distinct legal system. Periodically, sample user self-descriptions to find out whether you should add new alternatives to your form. Most Noticeable Race Class and Gender Essay Topics Embedded in this theory is the assum ption that women result in their own helplessness on account of the subjective perception they haven't any control over their lives. Understanding intersectionality is crucial to combatting the interwoven prejudices people face in their everyday lives. Ensure whatever you will need is organised in a way which will force you to write efficiently.

Essay on World War One - 1910 Words

World War One When the guns of August 1914 shattered the peace of Europe, pitting Germany and Austria-Hungary (the Central Powers) against Britain, France, and Russia, President Woodrow Wilson on August 4 issued a proclamation of neutrality. Two weeks later he urged Americans to be impartial in thought as well as in action. But in the realms of both official policy and public opinion, neutrality proved difficult to sustain. Wilson insisted, for reasons of both principle and economic advantage, on full neutral trading rights with all the belligerent powers. Britain and Germany had different ideas. Each tried to throttle American trade with the other. Britain, whose battle fleet controlled the surface of the Atlantic, succeeded†¦show more content†¦He sought instead to arm American merchant vessels as a way of forestalling attacks and thus avoiding war. But the overt acts came with the sinking of several American ships in February and March 1917. At about the same time, newspapers published an intercepted telegram from German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann, proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the United States. Mexicos reward would be the recovery of territory it had lost in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Wilson, though reelected in November 1916 on the slogan He kept us out of war, asked Congress on April 2 for a declaration of war. Four days later, Congress complied, with six senators and fifty representatives (including the first congresswoman, Jeannette Rankin of Montana) voting against the war resolution. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, Wilson declared in his war message. It was fearful indeed. The war had already butchered millions of Europeans and shredded the social fabric of many of the belligerent states, and in the United States, many people still opposed Americas involvement in the conflict. Many factors fostered the American reservations, even after the U-boat attacks and the Zimmermann telegram. One was Wilsons own suspicions about the war aims of Britain and France, which precluded his becoming their formalShow MoreRelatedWorld War One : The Great War1260 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War One, also known as the Great War, broke out across the world in August of 1914. European leaders expected it to be a short war, assuring their citizens that a resolution would occur before the start of the New Year (Stokstad). Those leaders could not have been any more wrong, because World War One lasted until November 11, 1918. The war goes down as one of the most destructive wars in all of history. An estimated ten million people lost their lives due to war efforts such as trench warfareRead MoreWorld War One Of The Great World1719 Words   |  7 PagesIt is in human’s nature to be destructive. Where we were given Earth as our home, we are also the ones who are destroying it. Choosing to extract oil from her surface for warmth, instead of using the warmth from the sun which was provided. Choosing to make sweets by a chemical process, instead of eating the natural sweet fruit found on plants. Humans cannot even get along with each other, creating the value of money out of paper, drawing imaginary lines on the surface to claimed who owns what landRead MoreWorld War One Of The Great World1712 Words   |  7 Pageslightness or darkness of the skin they were born with. Wars started popping up across the planet, titled successions, resolutions and dominance. One of the first major wars was titled World War One, also named the Great World, which split the planet in half: The Allies vs. The Central Powers. Nothing was truly known what happen during the war, only the soldiers who knew what was happening in their area. Afterwards serval authors published anti-war novels, sharing their stories of what happened in theRead MoreThe And Intensification Of World War O ne1218 Words   |  5 PagesIntensification of World War One by Its Belligerents. The First World War started from a minor conflict. However, poor decisions and lack of logical thinking by various belligerents, especially Germans, caused the minor conflict to become ‘The Great War’. Although, the German contribution to intensify the war was greater, all other belligerents who were influenced by the Germans in making decisions during the war were inclined to mistakes, leading to the disastrous outcome of the war. The First World War beganRead MoreWorld War One ( Wwi )1094 Words   |  5 Pages World War One (WWI) is an important event in history and impacted history in a great way for four years during 1914 to 1918. It is known as the â€Å"Great War† because the French, British, and Germans did not know there would be another world war in history. The events occurring through August and July of 1914 had catalysts to help the war build up its stockpile. The war was a conflict between the Allied Powers (France, Russia, Britain, Italy and the United States), and the Central Powers (Germany,Read MoreThe Beginning Of World War One1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe year 1914 brought with it the beginning of World War One, a profound war lasting a remarkable four years of relentless battles, bombings, and killings. It may be hard to conceive, but before the war officially broke out on July 28, 1914, Europe had been in the midst of a peaceful period that had lasted almost a century. The Great War did not end until November 11 of 1918. The Allies, initially consisting of Englan d, France, and Russia, fought against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary;Read MoreWorld War One Essay4745 Words   |  19 PagesQuestion and answer format of everything in world war 1 1. Machine guns: These weapons were first used in the American Civil War to devastating effect. But with World War One their effectiveness reached frightening new levels. Firing up to 600 bullets a minute (the equivalent of 250 men with rifles), Machine Guns were then deemed to be ‘weapons of mass destruction. Machine guns would often be grouped together to maintain a constant defensive position. 2. Artillery: These were the new and upgradedRead MoreThe Events Of World War One1108 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War One, a war that was centralized in Europe and resulted due to the reaction to the assassination of the archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz, Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophia, on June 28th, 14 at Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina’s at the hands of Gavrilo Princip, a nineteen year old who had ties with the military group known as the Black Hand. For the war, there were two alliances made that were fighting: the Triple Entente made up of Britain, France, and Russia and the Triple Alliance made upRead MoreThe Progression of World War One Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War I began in July 1914. World War I is also known as The Great War and The First World War. Many Americans were for the Allies and hoped for their victory, but did not want to join the conflict. Woodrow Wilson was the President of the United States when the war began. The assassination of Archduke F ranz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie started the war. Ferdinand was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28, 1914. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Germany. OnRead MoreEssay on Causes of World War One612 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of World War One There were many reasons as to why WWI began. The long term causes were imperial and economic rivalry between Britain and Germany. Britain was jealous of Germany because Germanys strength was growing- it was producing more iron and steel than Britain. Germanys navy was growing and its empire was expanding. Germany was jealous of Britains empire and wealth. It also feared the fact that unfriendly countries (France and Russia) were on its eastern

The Life of Anne Frank Essay Example For Students

The Life of Anne Frank Essay The Life of Anne Frank Essay On the Deportations Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treatiang them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which theyre sending all the Jews. On Her Old Country, Germany Fine specimens of humanity, those Germanns, and to think Im actually one of them! No, thats not true, Hitler took away our nationality long ago. And besides, there are no greater enemies on earth than the Germans and Jews. October 9, 1942 On Nazi Punishment of Resisters Have you ever heard the term hostages? Thats the latest punishment for saboteurs. Its the most horrible thing you can imagine. Leading citizens innocent peopleare taken prisoner to await their execution. If the Gestapo cant find the saboteur, they simply grab five hostages and line them up against the wall. You read the announcements of their death in the paper, where theyre referred to as fatal accidents.'October 9, 1942 All college students are being asked to sign an official statement to the effect that they sympathize with the Germans and approve of the New Order. Eighty percent have decided to obay the dictates of their conscience, but the penalty will be severe. Any student refusing to sign will be sent to a German labor camp. May 18, 1943 Here is were the story begins On June 12, 1942, Anne Franks parents gave her a small red-and-white plaid diary for her thirteenth birthday. Anne recorded her innermost feelings in her diary, which she named Kitty. Less than a month after receiving her diary, on July 6, 1942, Anne and her family were forced to go into hiding. Though they could bring very few things with them to the hiding place, Anne brought her diary. During the months Anne lived in hiding, her diary became her best friend and confidant. In hiding, Anne continued to write in her diary nearly every day. She wrote about her life with the seven other people in hidingher parents, her sister, the van Pels family (called the van Daan family by Anne), and Fritz Pfeffer (called Alfred Dussel by Anne), as well as the war going on around her, and her hopes for the future. When she filled up her original diary, Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, two of the familys helpers,brought her ledgers and loose sheets of paper to continue writing. She kept these in a briefcase that belonged to her father. In 1944, the Dutch government, which had been in exile in London for most of the occupation,broadcast a request over the radio for people to save their wartime diaries. Anne Frank then began to rewrite her diary with the intention of having it published after the war. On August 4,1944, the Nazis raided the Secret Annex and arrested the residents. They emptied Otto Franks briefcase onto the floor, including Annes diary, in order to carry the familys valuables. After the residents were taken away, Miep and Bep went to the Annex, and attempted to salvage all that they could. They found Annes papers, as well as other personal belongings of the residents, which they took away for safe- keeping. Miep put Annes diary in her desk drawer, to await Annes return. .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec , .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .postImageUrl , .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec , .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec:hover , .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec:visited , .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec:active { border:0!important; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec:active , .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0adf0a5b504184194ff6130d5f8edfec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakes EssayAnne Frank did not survive the Holocaust. Her father, Otto Frank, returned to Amsterdam after the war ended, the sole survivor among those who had hid in the Secret Annex. When he found out that Anne had died in Bergen-Belsen, Miep Gies gave him Annes diary, which she had hidden for almost a year. Category: English .

The adventure through an evil mind Essay Example For Students

The adventure through an evil mind Essay A walk through the woods is most often a relaxing moment. Walks are a time to enjoy nature; however, Young Goodman Browns adventure through the forest was not an ordinary one. His walk was not a typical stroll down a path. Young Goodman Brown enters the woods in a very mysterious state of mind. Mysterious meaning, non predictable. One is not able to draw an initial conclusion as to why he is doing so. It appears as though he is unsure at this point. Because of the illusions of evil that he has, I believe Young Goodman Brown entered his own evil mind the moment he stepped foot into the dark forest. His adventure became a battle within himself. Goodman Browns story began in a little village called Salem. From there he started a journey into the woods with a strange traveler.Right from the start, I noticed that their adventure was not going to be an ordinary one. The name of his hometown, Salem, symbolized a spooky image because this is where the witch trial was at. Even more so, Goodma n Brown began his errand at sunset.The descriptive details of Young Goodman Brown that Hawthorne included added to the mysterious tone of the story. For example, as Hawthorne stated, he had taken a dreary road darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind. It was all as lonely as could be, and there was this peculiarity in such a solitude that the traveler knows not who may be concealed by the innumerable trunks and the thick boughs overhead; so that with lonely footsteps he may yet be passing through an unseen multitude (p 62). We will write a custom essay on The adventure through an evil mind specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The descriptive opening puzzled me. I was anxious and curious to have the mysterious details of the reason Brown was going on this adventure revealed to me. I did not like how the tone was so unrevealing. I am impatient; I need to get to the point or plot right away. I was not expecting this adventure to turn into a battle with someones conscious. I thought Brown was going to run into some type of physical complication. Not only is the setting of the adventure odd, but so is the name of his wife. The name Faith seemed to have more meaning behind it than being a simple name. I began to realize that the story was going to develop a lot around his relationship with his wife when Goodman Brown hesitated to leave on his errand. This is when he glanced back momentarily and then continued on his way. The moment I realized the theme related to evil is when Hawthorne mentioned the devil for the first time. He said, there maybe a devilish Indian behind every tree. What if the devil himself sho uld be at my very elbow (p 62)? I saw this as a hint to the readers that the rest of the story was to portray that the devil was in Young Goodman Browns conscious. Before this point in the story, I was lost. I had no clue as to what was going on. I had originally thought that Goodman Brown fell asleep and he started to have a dream. But, I eventually realized that these were all random thoughts that were running through his head. He never fell asleep. Another peculiar characteristic that sparked my interest was the old traveler. He seemed to have a definite mission on his adventure with Brown. He was focused on staying on track, and so this is a characteristic that made me realize this was going to be a subconscious situation. He was always eager to continue. He mentioned that he had once aided Young Goodman Browns grandfather and father in some evil deeds. These included setting fire to a village and the lashing of a Quaker woman. The traveler then stated that he walked the path wi th each of them, and each one of them returned in a happy state of mind. Through this, I gained an understanding that both his grandfather and father were questioning their faith. However, both his father and grandfather succeeded and remained loyal to their beliefs. Neither of them became caught up with evil, and they were able to continue with a positive outlook on life. Other situations in the story include running into Young Goodman Browns catechism teacher, Goody Cloyse. This moment was mysterious because he could not figure out why she would be in the woods. The traveler seemed anxious to leave her behind. He seemed as if she was a distraction to his companion and strongly suggested that they move on. Through the words of Hawthorne, the old traveler mentioned that he was going to take a cut through the woods until they left this Christian women behind (p 64). This was when Goodman Brown appeared to leave all his Christian background and morals behind him. Everything he was eve r taught to live by was brushed aside. He no longer seemed to care about what used to have meaning in his life. At one point, he was tempted to stop following the traveler along the path and return to Faith. Just as he stopped to rest, he visualized more images and heard other sounds. This all symbolized his guilty conscious; however, he continued to walk onward despite of difficulty and opposition from his morals. Now that Goodman Brown had drifted away from the true meaning of his life, he appeared to lose all control over the situations that he faced. An example of this is when he touched a branch and his fingers became withered and dried up. The tramping of horses was another example. I was not convinced that these illusions were consciously occurring; rather, they appeared to be symbols of his guilty conscious. To go along with the horses and the touching of a branch, he also overheard a conversation. The individuals were discussing plans for an ordination dinner. Hawthorne mad e it known to Young Goodman Brown through one of the characters that there was a goodly young women to be taken into communion (p 66). .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .postImageUrl , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:hover , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:visited , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:active { border:0!important; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:active , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child development EssayAs one can see, each one of these occurrences were not really happening. Further into the story, Goodman Brown said his heart felt sick. He then looked up and doubted that heaven existed. To me, this proves that he had lost all meaning in his life, and he had no faith left to continue. I think, he finally realized that he lost his meaning in life; instead of trying to revert back to his old self, he joined up with the devil. This was symbolized in the story when his wifes ribbon falls out of the sky. An analogy for this image would be losing a close acquaintance, but being left with only a memory of them.This relates to Goodman Brown because he is no t the religious person that he once set out to be; however, he can remember being a considerate human being that could once appreciate the important things in life. Young Goodman Brown eventually admitted that, his faith was gone (p 67). This is when the road became drearier and the length of it began to vanish. This showed that he could no longer determine where his actions and thoughts were going to lead him. His devilish ways caught up with him. Every move Goodman Brown made, the more abrupt and unruly he became. The final destiny of his life was revealed to him when the red light appeared. This is when Goodman Brown found himself in familiar surroundings again; unfortunately, Faith was no longer with him. Not only did this open Young Goodman Browns eyes, but it opened my eyes to the true point of this story. This is the turning point where I came to realize that Brown was definitely in a battle with his own evil mind. He even thought he saw his mother reaching out to him. He visualized that she was warning him to fight the devil, and that she was sternly stating not to give into his unjust ways. Not only did he think he saw his mother, but he also visualized a figure that had previously been hung in Salem for witchcraft. Once again, this proved that he was not in a good state of mind. In the very last stage of his journey, he saw Faith and he failed to acknowledge her. He had allowed the devilish train of thought to overshadow the best of him. By the end of the story, Young Goodman Brown was afraid of everyone. He did not have any trust left inside him. Even more horribly, it was said, his tombstone lacked hopeful verse (p 71). This meant that all his experiences destroyed him. His hope was lost; the devil won in the end. For all these reasons and more, I have come to the conclusion that the adventure Hawthorne wrote about was an unordinary stroll through a forest. The adventure was definitely a mysterious one; it was one that portrayed an evil state of mind. Bibliography:

Hitlers Statement Before His Suicide

Hitler's Statement Before His Suicide On April 29, 1945, in his underground bunker, Adolf Hitler readied himself for death. Instead of surrendering to the Allies, Hitler had decided to end his own life. Early in the morning, after he had already written his Last Will, Hitler wrote his Political Statement. The Political Statement is made up of two sections. In the first section, Hitler lays all blame on International Jewry and urges all Germans to continue fighting. In the second section, Hitler expels Hermann Gà ¶ring and Heinrich Himmler and appoints their successors. The following afternoon, Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide. Part 1 of Hitlers Political Statement More than thirty years have now passed since I in 1914 made my modest contribution as a volunteer in the first world war that was forced upon the Reich. In these three decades I have been actuated solely by love and loyalty to my people in all my thoughts, acts, and life. They gave me the strength to make the most difficult decisions which have ever confronted mortal man. I have spent my time, my working strength, and my health in these three decades. It is untrue that I or anyone else in Germany wanted the war in 1939. It was desired and instigated exclusively by those international statesmen who were either of Jewish descent or worked for Jewish interests. I have made too many offers for the control and limitation of armaments, which posterity will not for all time be able to disregard for the responsibility for the outbreak of this war to be laid on me. I have further never wished that after the first fatal world war a second against England, or even against America, should break out. Centuries will pass away, but out of the ruins of our towns and monuments the hatred against those finally responsible whom we have to thank for everything, International Jewry and its helpers, will grow. Three days before the outbreak of the German-Polish war I again proposed to the British ambassador in Berlin a solution to the German-Polish problem - similar to that in the case of the Saar district, under international control. This offer also cannot be denied. It was only rejected because the leading circles in English politics wanted the war, partly on account of the business hoped for and partly under influence of propaganda organized by International Jewry. I have also made it quite plain that, if the nations of Europe are again to be regarded as mere shares to be bought and sold by these international conspirators in money and finance, then that race, Jewry, which is the real criminal of this murderous struggle, will be saddled with the responsibility. I further left no one in doubt that this time not only would millions of children of Europes Aryan people die of hunger, not only would millions of grown men suffer death, and not only hundreds of thousands of women and children be burnt and bombed to death in the towns, without the real criminal having to atone for this guilt, even if by more humane means. After six years of war, which in spite of all setbacks, will go down one day in history as the most glorious and valiant demonstration of a nations life purpose, I cannot forsake the city which is the capital of this Reich. As the forces are too small to make any further stand against the enemy attack at this place and our resistance is gradually being weakened by men who are as deluded as they are lacking in initiative, I should like, by remaining in this town, to share my fate with those, the millions of others, who have also taken upon themselves to do so. Moreover I do not wish to fall into the hands of an enemy who requires a new spectacle organized by the Jews for the amusement of their hysterical masses. I have decided therefore to remain in Berlin and there of my own free will to choose death at the moment when I believe the position of the Fà ¼hrer and Chancellor itself can no longer be held. I die with a happy heart, aware of the immeasurable deeds and achievements of our soldiers at the front, our women at home, the achievements of our farmers and workers and the work, unique in history, of our youth who bear my name. That from the bottom of my heart I express my thanks to you all, is just as self-evident as my wish that you should, because of that, on no account give up the struggle, but rather continue it against the enemies of the Fatherland, no matter where, true to the creed of a great Clausewitz. From the sacrifice of our soldiers and from my own unity with them unto death, will in any case spring up in the history of Germany, the seed of a radiant renaissance of the National Socialist movement and thus of the realization of a true community of nations. Many of the most courageous men and women have decided to unite their lives with mine until the very last. I have begged and finally ordered them not to do this, but to take part in the further battle of the Nation. I beg the heads of the Armies, the Navy and the Air Force to strengthen by all possible means the spirit of resistance of our soldiers in the National Socialist sense, with special reference to the fact that also I myself, as founder and creator of this movement, have preferred death to cowardly abdication or even capitulation. May it, at some future time, become part of the code of honor of the German officer - as is already the case in our Navy - that the surrender of a district or of a town is impossible, and that above all the leaders here must march ahead as shining examples, faithfully fulfilling their duty unto death. Part 2 of Hitlers Political Statement Before my death I expel the former Reichsmarschall Hermann Gà ¶ring from the party and deprive him of all rights which he may enjoy by virtue of the decree of June 29th, 1941; and also by virtue of my statement in the Reichstag on September 1st, 1939, I appoint in his place Grossadmiral Dà ¶nitz, President of the Reich and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. Before my death I expel the former Reichsfà ¼hrer-SS and Minister of the Interior Heinrich Himmler, from the party and from all offices of State. In his stead I appoint Gauleiter Karl Hanke as Reichsfà ¼hrer-SS and Chief of the German Police, and Gauleiter Paul Giesler as Reich Minister of the Interior. Gà ¶ring and Himmler, quite apart from their disloyalty to my person, have done immeasurable harm to the country and the whole nation by secret negotiations with the enemy, which they have conducted without my knowledge and against my wishes, and by illegally attempting to seize power in the State for themselves. . . . Although a number of men, such as Martin Bormann, Dr. Goebbels, etc., together with their wives, have joined me of their own free will and did not wish to leave the capital of the Reich under any circumstances, but were willing to perish with me here, I must nevertheless ask them to obey my request, and in this case set the interests of the nation above their own feelings. By their work and loyalty as comrades they will be just as close to me after death, as I hope that my spirit will linger among them and always go with them. Let them be hard but never unjust, but above all let them never allow fear to influence their actions, and set the honor of the nation above everything in the world. Finally, let them be conscious of the fact that our task, that of continuing the building of a National Socialist State, represents the work of the coming centuries, which places every single person under an obligation always to serve the common interest and to subordinate his own advantage to this end. I demand of all Germans, all National Socialists, men, women and all the men of the Armed Forces, that they be faithful and obedient unto death to the new government and its President. Above all I charge the leaders of the nation and those under them to scrupulous observance of the laws of race and to merciless opposition to the universal poisoner of all peoples, International Jewry. Given in Berlin, this 29th day of April 1945, 4:00 A.M. Adolf Hitler [Witnesses]Dr. Joseph GoebbelsWilhelm BurgdorfMartin BormannHans Krebs * Translated in the Office of United States Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1946-1948, vol. VI, pg. 260-263.

How to Create a Mad Scientist Costume

How to Create a Mad Scientist Costume A mad scientist costume is great for Halloween, inspiring images of how science can run amock, creating horrific monstrosities. Here are tips on how to create a great mad scientist costume: Hair ... or not The decision on what sort of hair to have is an important one. You can go with wild hair (such as Albert Einstein and Doc Brown from the Back to the Future movies) or bald, the Lex Luthor route. If going for wild hair, there are inexpensive wigs available in most costume shops. Alternately, you can create your own with a bald cap by gluing fabric hair (from local fabric or craft stores) onto it - perhaps different colored hair. Or, if your hair is long enough, you can use styling gel and unusual hair colorings to get the desired effect. A bald cap (especially nice for female mad scientists) will also do. To really complete the look, you may want to use some fake skin to cover up your eyebrows. This will create an effect that youve lost all your hair due to the bizarre potions youve tested on yourself. A middle approach between the two is to glue chunks of fabric hair onto the bald cap, so that it looks like your hair is falling out in chunks. Again, using hair with strange colors might be useful. Other Headgear Some sort of eyewear is generally a good idea. Find an old pair of glasses with bulky frames, perhaps from a thrift store, and pop out the lenses. You might want to decorate them by gluing or taping object to them, like bottlecaps, beads, etc. Tape (duct tape) or Band-Aids can be used to make the glasses look like theyve been broken and mended. Goggles are also a nice alternative. A goattee is a nice addition for a mad scientist. If you cant or dont want to grow your own, you can glue some fur into your chin. Try to frame it into a sharp point, perhaps using a bent paperclip or piece of cardboard as a frame to mount it on. Lab Coat The lab coat is, of course, the crucial element of the mad scientist costume. This is what translates the costume from random weirdo to mad scientist. Around Halloween, lab coats are pretty easy to find anywhere costumes are sold. You can also get actual lab coats at medical supply stores, thrift stores, and the like. If you have trouble finding one, you can contact your local hospital to find out where they are sold locally. Personally, the best lab coat Ive ever seen is the Mad Scientists Union Local #3.14. I didnt buy it online, so I cant attest to this vendor, but the lab coat is very cool. You can also decorate the labcoat with pins, stickers, stencils, decals, rips, scorch marks, food spills, equations, and the like ... whatever you feel comfortable with based on the cost of the lab coat. Pants - The Easy Part Generally, dark pants or a dark skirt will work to finish the outfit. A goofy pair of shoes, such as bowling shoes, would do well to complete the outfit. Final Accessories A pocket protector (try office supply stores) is a perfect addition to the costume. Fill it up with as many pens and pencils as you can. Throw in a compass, ruler, spiral notepad, and calculator if you can. Heck, carry around an abacus if you can find one. Another nice accessory would be a beaker filled with strange-colored liquid. Exotic colors of punch (i.e. Kool-Aid) can create this. Add some dry ice so smoke will drift off of it. Note: If you do have a potion with dry ice in it, do not drink. A flourescent stick, like what you get at the circus, can be inserted to make it glow ... and is great for stirring up your concoction. Some Last Comments The unbridled wackiness is the best part of the mad scientist costume. Be funny and nuts, and youll pull it off. Anything you can think of to add to the costumes eccentricity is a plus. Try to go as cheap as you can, since you may want to make a real mess of the costume to create the right mood. Old pants, tattered lab coats, funny shoes, out of style glasses ... thrift stores are the perfect place to get components for the mad scientist costume. Mad Scientist Sidekick Costumes Robot costumeBride of Frankenstein costumeCousin It costumeFrank-Einstein costumeGeeky Science Nerd costumeGhostbuster costume

Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cold War - Essay Example In post WW2 scenario, America’s image as powerful democracy and its efforts to contain communism had received considerable jolt when its racial segregation and other such problems had caused international backlash. The Cold War has become pertinent part of history as it had divided the nations into democratic and communist political platforms. The two powerful nations: USA and USSR had different political ideologies. While America was a devout democracy with strong capitalistic economy, USSR was a communist country which was founded on the philosophy of socialism and state control on the economic activities. Belmonte (2007) emphasizes that Cold War was hugely critical motivator for American leadership to introduce constitutional amendments like Civil Right Act which had promoted social justice and equality across race, culture and color. The cold war era had therefore emerged as a highly critical phenomenon that had significantly influenced the world polity with wide ramifications on the national issues of the countries across the

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 38

Homework - Essay Example This discusses how inventory as a whole may just be given representation by average inventory and thus solve the related issues which crop up from time to time. 11- Suppose an operation has excess capacity (i.e., it is not a bottleneck); however the set up time between batches is not insignificant. Should process batches be large or small? What determines the size of a process batch? Process batches should neither be large nor small. However their size should be equal to the size of the operation so that neither excess capacity is an issue nor minimal levels stand as a concern. The need is to know how excess capacity can be kept at a safe distance and so is the case with minimal levels where set up times focus more on how time between batches can be increased or decreased as per the need. Therefore, the set up time between batches should be considered in essence to have a better know-how of how things shall shape up within the batch routines. It will take care of all the concerns that either excess capacity or under capacity may have at a given time and thus protect the batches as

Columbia Gs Admission Essay Essay Example for Free

Columbia Gs Admission Essay Essay My name is Edgar Martinez. I was born in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) 34 years ago. My childhood was pretty normal. My parents had enough to provide for my little brother and I. My father was a local councilman at the time my mom a homemaker. I always wanted to be a politician like my father I admired him as a matter of fact I still do. I graduated from High School in 1995 and soon after and got drafted to go the Colombian Army. I was sent to Santa Marta a small town located a 200 miles north from my hometown. There I encounter my first experience with the real word and left for good my childhood. In the middle of deployment my father a secretary of Energy for the national government was kidnaped . After that life was never going to be the same. We waited and waited and waited †¦.. and waited. And after a few weeks a platton of navy seals of some sort rescue my father and he was brought back to us alive and almost well. The trauma of being in captivity was devastating for him and the family . My parents desided to send me to the US to be in a safer place. Little did I know I would never return to live in the place I was born. I came to the US in 1997 directly from Cartagena to Salt Lake City.

Dont Confuse Freedom with Individual Rights :: argumentative, persuasive essays

How many times have we heard people justifying their needs by saying something like, "This is a free country. I have the right to (anything goes here)". For words that people use quite frequently, they are often misused and misunderstood. From my point of view, it seems that most people use them as an alternative to explaining the real reasons why they want something. So let me tell you what I think the two words mean in practice. Freedom is taking responsibility for you own actions and your own life.   If for example someone says, "I am freeing you of the need to make decisions", they are in fact taking your freedom away. So, how many people act as if they are free? Not all that many. Those who constantly complain that the government should do something about this or that, or that they have had a lot of bad luck in life, are not free. These people have abdicated their freedom to outside factors. Acknowledge that you are in the best position to alter your own situation and accept the consequences of all of your actions and you will be truly free. And it will be obvious, from that point on, when someone tries to take your freedom away. What about personal rights. Do we have the right to free speech? What about a minimum standard of living? Or the right to bear arms and to vote? All of these rights seem to change in every culture in the world, so are there no ultimate rights. Well let me tell you. There are two ways to look at it. There are the rights that nature has given us. Which are the right to have what ever we are strong enough to take and the right to die without mercy. Does that seem a little harsh? Well that's nature for you, she's a mother. Now the other way to look at it, is that rights are what most of the people in any given region agree is fair treatment. So, under this system there are no universal rights, just opinion. Does that make rights useless? Far from it. By constantly testing our rights against the current opinion, we learn the unofficial rules of our society. Thus if you can convince enough people around you that you have the right to fly unaided, then you are free to do so.

The role of the community worker is fraught with tensions and dilemmas

In Britain in the 21st century, community workers are often linked with economic regeneration and consultation, empowerment and capacity building. This is in total contrast with the 1970's when community work was very closely associated with social work. (Twelvetrees, 2003.) Twelvetrees suggests that at its simplest community work is the ‘process of assisting people to improve their communities by undertaking collective action.' (Twelvetrees, 2003.) Community work though is not just carried out by community workers, community leaders, support workers and many others may choose to call themselves community workers. The majority of community work is carried out by paid workers and they undertake a wide range of functions. Community workers are classically seen as a guide or catalyst, enabler or maybe a facilitator. Community workers ‘go' to the place of the group and can advise its members on how they can do what they want to do. They can also cover roles such as secretary or chair, broker or advocate, but most important being clear about the fact that they must be clear about the role which they are playing at a certain particular time. Twelvetrees, (2003) suggests that community workers should be a ‘Jack of all trades' who can take on different roles and approaches and are willing to bring them into play in different situations. Community work therefore has a wide skill base with a great emphasis placed on the ability to make judgements and build relationships with others. Community workers must be able to adapt to each new situation and be able to listen, understand and act in an appropriate way to the situation that they are involved with. Butcher, (in Butcher et al, 1993) suggests that on the most basic principles community stands for the idea that community is a network of people who share a common interest. For many, community is where they can both have a sociological and psychological link to others. Sociologically they can ‘be part' of the community and can ‘identify with' it psychologically. These two factors greatly strengthens the idea that community workers work with groups of people who have a common interest and reason for being together. Summarising the above Community work can therefore be best described as both a set of values and as a set of techniques, skills and approaches which are linked to these values. Twelvetrees (2003) suggests that these values are to do with justices, democracy, love and empowering, and ‘getting a better deal' for those who are in some way disadvantaged. Primarily community workers must be able to establish relationships with others see the world through the community's eyes and find ways to assist them to help themselves. The theory behind most community work is basically about helping people to get a better deal, primarily by making this happen themselves, by being a facilitator and empowering the community groups in which one is working. Derrricourt and Dale, (in Jacobs et al, 1994) suggests that no one can work in community work long before realising that even ‘the simplest thing is difficult'. Community work it's self is a task of working with groups of people who may have different ideas but empowering them to come to a mutual agreement and find common ground in order to make the ‘project' work. In any real life situation within community and youth work there will be pressures and constraints on a worker to operate in some ways rather than others. Whatever the ideology, the worker must select actions which seem most likely to help the members of the particular community to get a better deal for themselves and become more confident and skilled. Twelvetrees (2003) suggests that while the values of community workers will quite legitimately influence their priorities, they also have to be pragmatic about choosing which approach is likely to work best. One of the major sources of tension within community work is that some workers can sometimes go into a new project with the agenda already clear in their head, with no room for changing it. By having this approach community workers produce a great deal of tension simply because they are meant to be helping the community it's self get a better deal through empowerment but by coming in with a fixed agenda it suggests that they have it all worked out. This leaves no room for any sort of consultation or community group meetings and can take away nearly all the interest by the residents. By not using community consultation the residents can very easily loose interest and involvement in a project if they are suspicious of the fact that it is not what they want to see happening. Community workers must be careful to go into a project with an open agenda and the ability to mould the agenda to what the residents want or face tension and the possibility of the lack of support of the community that they are working in. This happened in my local community. A substantial grant was won to improve the town. The council decided to create a community centre that would house a cyber-cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and open access hall for a variety of activities. It seemed like a good idea to the council yet the local community just wanted the money to be spent on tidying up the council estate, a new set of playground equipment and a new layer of paint in the church hall that the community had always used. Unfortunately the community worker and the council did not listen to what the residents wanted, and 5 years down the line the community centre is un-used except by a mothers and toddler group, with the rest of the community groups preferring to use their old hall. This project has tarred the council with a stereotype that they do not listen anyway so the local community has lost any belief in the fact that they are in it for their interests, even 5 years later this still is a lasting view. Community work often involves inter-agency working. Inter-agency work brings together a range of individuals, organisations and interest groups. By working with these agencies it can bring about tensions between the different managers, and can bring about competition and misunderstandings. Working with different agencies can seem like a good idea but there are many issues that can be raised and these can have a big effect on the overall ‘community; formed by the worker. Because each agency comes with its own agenda then their will be differences in the organisational systems. Banks et al (2003) states that different agencies have different systems for allocating work and recording and sharing information, this can cause many internal issues surrounding the smooth running of the project. When trying to work as a community worker to bring about change these issues must be carefully addressed. The tension will always be there because of the different agencies involved with their own interests but the role of the community worker here is to make sure that the project does not suffer and that the issues are dealt with in a open arena. Take for example a youth action project may include the police, youth workers and nurses. All these come with different agendas, youth workers looking at informal education and welfare, nurses on health and police officers on law enforcement and crime prevention. (Banks et all 2003) All of these different agenda have to be carefully managed in order for the project to be successful. Each agency must understand the importance of the project as a whole and be able to communicate any issues that it has with the other agencies. This is where the community worker can get stuck in the middle, between the different agencies and stuck in with inter-agency politics instead of being out in the community. Dilemmas also form part of the daily planning for community workers. Take for example the planning of a new project, does the worker go for a big and high profile project that will involve the whole community but may not be very effective due to the fact that it may never reach its goals. Or does the worker settle for the small project that will enable him/her to achieve the desired outcome and be able to address a certain issue that the community has raises like youth ‘hanging about on the streets'. This causes the community worker to face the fact that he either has to work with all the community, which he is likely to get more funding and support for, or just to focus on an achievable project like talking the youth ‘boredom' that is happening. Dilemmas surrounding confidentiality is always a difficult to decide the ‘right' course of action. Although community workers are not seen as a counselling service, many see workers as a trusted person in the community to talk to. In this situation confidentiality becomes important, but also the rules of breaking confidentiality have to be addressed as well. Confidentiality has its limitations to be enforced and this can cause the dilemma to the worker as to what is ethically right. Should the worker pass the information on or keep the confidentiality that he promised. (Roche, 2004) This issue was brought up when I was working as a youth worker in the local youth club setting. A young woman approached me saying that she needed to talk. Due to the fact that I had time to spare and she seemed distressed I let her talk and told her everything that she said would be confidential. She then told me that she was getting beaten up at home but did not want to it get out as she did to want her and her siblings to be spilt up. I spent a whole supervisory session talking to my supervisor about confidentiality. In the end I had to break it as a way of helping that young person to escape the endless circle but it was not a light hearted decision. My trust had been broken and since then the young girl has not come back to the youth club, but I know that she is now safe and living with a foster family and her siblings. One dilemma that community workers often face is the fact of accountability and who are they actually accountable to. Many workers would suggest that they are accountable to the community groups as they are working for what they need but others may suggest that they are accountable to the state and their employer. Community workers are employed by a wide range of bodies, including local authorities, primary care trusts, regeneration partnerships, charities, housing committees, the list is endless. All of these bodies have their own organisational and departmental aims for the community worker's role, and the worker is accountable to in a legal/employment sense to their employer. (Henderson and Thomas, 1992) In any community work there is the potential for a complex layering system of accountability, as managers may be employed by some agency to mange work funded by their agency. (Banks, 2003) this is where community workers can find them selves pulled in different directions and must always be careful about what they do. In some cases they may have to balance contradictory and compelling demands and attempt to make sense and achieve them in order to carry out the desired aim. This may be where they community project has been given a set of money from the Church of England for a youth project, this project has then started to deal with people from all religions coming to the project. In order to retain the centres success the worker does not want to ban the youth from the centre due to the fact that they are benefiting from it. Yet the worker is going against the aims of the funding application. In this case the worker has to be accountable to both the Church of England and the youth who are attending the project. In order to attempt to solve this situation then the worker must talk to the Church and attempt to re-structure the funding application so that it can be used across the project and not just on the youth of the Church. (Adapted from Brierley, 2002.) Bryants, (1982, cited in Jacobs et al) suggests that a community worker acts as a catalyst and has nine skills: 1. relational 2. communication 3. organisational 4. mediating 5. bargaining 6. entrepreneur 7. researcher 8. political 9. tactical. In order to be all these then at some point there will always be conflicting ideas and dilemmas to be addressed. One can not attempt to fill all theses roles of a community worker and still be able to work on a level ground with others. Although all of these are very important the fact that a community worker can relate to others within the community is essential and the skill of being able to accept differences and be able to address these is a skill which is learnt and will always be important in our world of work. There will always be tensions and dilemmas to address but these must not get us down. We must learn to take everything in our stride and learn from our mistakes, being able to see where we went wrong and be able to apply these lessons learnt to our future practise. Our strategy must be based on a clear awareness of what we as workers are aiming to achieve by our intervention and use negotiation and communication to overcome any difficulties that we encounter.

Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Colombia Essay

For Chiquita Brands International, a pioneer in the globalization of the banana industry, bananas are not only serious business, they represent an array of economic, social, environmental, political, and legal hassles. Since its founding more than a hundred years ago as United Fruit Company, Chiquita has been involved in paying bribes to Latin American government officials in exchange for preferential treatment, encouraging or supporting U.S. coups against smaller nations, putting in place dictatorships in Central America’s â€Å"banana republics,† exploiting local workers, creating an abusive monopoly, and now doing business with terrorists.1 For American multinationals, the rewards of doing business abroad are enormous, but so are the risks. Over the past decades, no place has been more hazardous than Colombia, a country that is just emerging from a deadly civil war and the effects of wide-ranging narco-terrorism. Chiquita found out the hard way. It made tens of millions in profit growing bananas in Colombia, only to emerge with its reputation splattered in blood.2 In 2004, Chiquita voluntarily admitted criminal responsibility to the U.S. Justice Department that one of its Colombian banana subsidiaries had made protection payments from 1997 through 2004 to terrorist groups. Consequently, a high-profile investigation and legal trial followed. In 2007, Chiquita entered into a plea agreement to resolve the criminal prosecution. The interactions between the Justice Department and Chiquita were very contentious, but with the settlement, Chiquita expected that it could put the past behind and refocus on developing its business. However, in 2010, the victims’ families filed a separate lawsuit against Chiquita in an American court, demanding compensation. At the same time, investigators in Bogota and on Capitol Hill were looking at other U.S. companies that may have engaged in similar practices, dealing with terrorists as part of the conduct of business. With this in mind, Fernando Aguirre, Chiquita’s CEO since 2004, reflected on how the company had arrived at this point, and what had been done to correct the course so far. He faced major challenges to the company’s competitive position in this dynamic industry. What would it take to position the company on a more positive competitive trajectory? Would this even be possible in this industry and in the business climate Chiquita faced? Chiquita Brands International: Defendant The atmosphere in the Washington D.C. courtroom on September 17, 2007, was testy, with the lawyers on both sides pointing fingers at each other. The defendant, Chiquita Brands International Inc., had already signed a plea agreement that included a US$25 million fine and a five-year probation period. In addition, Chiquita was required to hire a permanent compliance officer. The plea did not stop Assistant U.S. Attorney Jonathan Malis from taking a shot at Chiquita. He accused the company of making millions in profits while paying off Colombian right-wing terrorist groups, including the AUC (United Self Defense Forces of Colombia), for almost seven years. He said the almost US$2 million in payments made by Chiquita â€Å"fueled violence† and â€Å"paid for weapons and ammunition to kill innocent people.†3 Copyright  © 2010 Thunderbird School of Global Management. All rights reserved. This case was prepared by Professors Andreas Schotter and Mary Teagarden, with the assistance of Monika Stoeffl, for the purpose of classroom discussion only, and not to indicate either effective or ineffective management. This document is authorized for use only in Estrategia 2013-I Preg. Montes by Juan Carlos Montes at UNIVERSITY DE LOS ANDES COLUMBIA from January 2013 to May 2013. Chiquita’s lead defense attorney, Eric Holder Jr., snapped back, accusing Malis of shading the facts, of â€Å"being a little too cute and a little too crafty,† as well as â€Å"a little deceptive.† Holder told the judge that the government was partly to blame for the company’s predicament. In 2001, the U.S. Secretary of State, Colin Powell, added Colombia’s AUC to the list of â€Å"specially designated foreign terrorist organizations† in company with mostly Middle East-based groups like Al Qaeda and Hamas. Holder argued that in 2003 Chiquita asked the U.S. Department of Justice if it should stop the payments to the terrorists. Holder said, â€Å"All the government had to do was, ‘yes, stop the payments,’ just say yes, but they never did.† Bananas are Serious Business As one of the first tropical fruits to be internationally traded, bananas are a cheap way to bring â€Å"the tropics† to North America and Europe. Over the years, bananas have become such a common, inexpensive grocery item that we often forget where they come from and how they get to us. Bananas flourish in tropical regions, such as the Caribbean and Central America, where the average temperature is 80 °F (27 °C), and the yearly rainfall is 78-98 inches (198-249 centimeters). In fact, most bananas are grown within 10 degrees north or south of the equator. Iceland is an exception, where banana plants grow in soil heated by geysers.4 Bananas do not grow on trees; instead, they are perennial plants, which grow repeatedly from the same root system. They are related to the orchid, lily, and palm families. Bananas are harvested green and ripened during the transportation process, and as soon as the banana stem is cut from the plant, ripening starts. Within 36 hours, the fruit is packed in boxes and loaded onto refrigerated ships, where the cool temperatures slow down the ripening process. The whole trip, from plantation to grocery store, takes about two weeks. The earliest recorded writings about the banana date from around 600 BC or earlier in India. There were several different varieties growing in the wild, all of which were inedible due to taste, and some varieties even made people ill. The Indian agriculturalists experimented with crossbreeding wild varieties of bananas, but while some of the resulting hybrids were edible, they were also sterile, which meant that the original plants needed to be crossbred each time someone wanted a new edible banana crop. Eventually, they came up with a hybrid that produced offshoots (suckers) that could be planted to grow into new plants full of sweet bananas. Between 400-300 BC, bananas found their way eastward with Alexander the Great and his armies. The banana appeared in Chinese literature around 200 AD and then migrated westward to Africa. From there, it likely hitched a ride in the ships of Spanish explorers to the Canary Islands, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and other parts of the western hemisphere. Along the way, other hybrid breeds were created. New varieties were also developed in China. Somehow, a Chinese banana made its way to Great Britain and became famous as the â€Å"Cavendish Banana,† named after an important English family. The Cavendish became the great granddaddy of all commercial bananas sold in the 21st century. In 2010, there were 300 different varieties of bananas worldwide, of which about 20 varieties are being grown commercially, mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In 2010, bananas were ranked third on the list of staple crops in the world after wheat and coffee, making them critical for economic and global food stability. Bananas are one of the biggest profitmakers in supermarkets. The average American eats 27 pounds of them every year. Europeans also love bananas. For example, in Sweden the per-capita consumption was 35 pounds. In Eastern Europe, consumption was growing strongly and had already reached 20 pounds per capita per annum. While bananas may simply be a humble fruit with a long history, the banana business creates serious environmental, economic, social, and political problems. Historically, the banana trade symbolized economic imperialism, injustices in the global trade market, and the exploitation of agriculture-dependent third-world countries.

Sole Survivor Essays - English-language Films, Survivor, McCunn

Sole Survivor Essays - English-language Films, Survivor, McCunn Sole Survivor This story is called Sole Survivor written by Ruthanne McCunn. It is based on a true story of one man's will to survive. It's an inspiration to all of mankind. This story is about a steward of the ship "S.S. Benlomond" which was torpedoed during the war. Lim was the only survivor. He survived on a wood life raft from the ship. Lim lived 133 days out at sea using his wits and will to keep him alive. Lim was awarded many tributes such as; a watch, the British Empire Medal, the Certificate of Honor, and the first foreign legal citizenship of the United States. Lim still holds to this day the record for the longest survival at sea. I think the author did a great job on this book. The detailing was very good, and very real. For example, "Exhaustion drained Lim's already depleted strength, blurred his vision, and muddied his thinking." (p. 72) This book was well written and well thought out. It was one of the few books I have ever enjoyed. I could really tell the author put a lot of time into this book. This book didn't have very many weaknesses to it but, like all books, it had a few. One thing I didn't like about the book was the constant rambling of his thoughts which made you uninterested in reading any further. For example, "His brothers had been similarly betrothed, and before they left Hainan, their parents had made a wedding for Gee Hin, so there would be a daughter-in-law to take care of the cow, pigs, chickens, and light farm work that the boys would no longer be there to do." (p. 82) I am not a person who likes to read, and if it just drags on about nothing, it fails to hold my attention. I think the author could have put a little more drama into it as well. In conclusion, I think overall this book was good. I would rate it 9-10 points. It was a book I feel fortunate to have read.

6 Idioms Using the Word for Dog in French

6 Idioms Using the Word for 'Dog' in French About 40 percent of the French consider their dogs the most important things in their lives. Thats good because there are 10 million of them  in France, which works out to about 17 for every 100 people. Many of the smaller breeds live charmed lives  in handbags, on restaurant chairs or eating gourmet doggie food; the countrys many hunting dogs are tolerated; dogs who chase cars apparently get chained up and sort of forgotten, and a lot of homeless pooches just run free. In the midst of all this is the growing French appreciation for the rights of dogs (and cats, horses, and other pets);  2014  legislation changes their Napoleonic-era status as personal property to living and feeling beings who can be protected from cruelty and inherit wealth.   French Idioms Featuring Dogs Although the French may have a hot-and-cold relationship with their dogs, they are a part of everyday French life and have been for centuries. So naturally, dogs appear often in popular French idioms. Here are six French-language idiomatic expressions using chien, the word for dog in French Actually, the  French word for dog can appear in one of three forms in expressions: as un chien for a male dog, une chienne  for a female dog, or un chiot  for a puppy. The latter is always masculine. Careful: The plural chiottes  is slang for toilets. Traiter quelquun comme un chien Translation: To treat someone like a dogMeaning: To treat them badly, physically or emotionally Mon boss me traite comme un chien;  il me parle agressivement, ne me fait jamais de compliment.My boss treats me like a dog; he speaks aggressively to me, never pays me a compliment. Avoir du chien Translation:  To have some dogMeaning:  To be attractive, to have a lot of charm. Used mainly for women Sylvie n’est pas vraiment belle, mais elle a du chien, et elle a beaucoup de succà ¨s auprà ¨s des hommes.Sylvie is not really pretty, but she has this special something, and she has a lot of success with men. Être d’une humeur de chien Translation:  To be in a dog’s moodMeaning:  To be in a very bad mood Oh la la, je ne sais pas pourquoi, mais je suis d’une humeur de chien ce matin!Oh my, I don’t know why, but I am in a terrible mood this morning! Avoir un mal de chien ( faire quelque chose) Translation:  To have a dog’s pain (to do something)Meaning: To be in a lot of pain OR to find doing something very difficult Hier, je me suis tordu la cheville, et aujourd’hui, j’ai un mal de chien.Yesterday, I twisted my ankle, and today, it hurts like crazy.​ J’ai un mal de chien faire cet exercice de grammaire.I have a very hard time doing this grammar exercise. Dormir en chien de fusil Translation:  To sleep like a gun’s hammer  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Meaning:  To sleep in a fetal position, curled up in  a ball​ Olivier dort allongà © sur le dos et moi, en chien de fusil.Olivier sleeps lying on his back and me, curled up in a ball. Se regarder en chien de faà ¯ence Translation:  To look at each other like china dog statuesMeaning:  To look at each other  in a coiled, aggressive way​ Ils se regardaient en chien de faà ¯ence et on pouvait voir la haine sur leurs visages.They were looking at each other with intensity, and you could see the hatred on their faces.

Mesopotamia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mesopotamia - Essay Example History has always been chronicled as a series of political events, rise and fall of dynasties. It is within the framework of political history that the historian has to discern the religious and intellectual emotions of the people living in the ancient world. Although literary sources are not abundant sine they have not been preserved till date, archeological sources including monuments and inscriptions provide us a more or less clear picture of the thought process of the people living in the ages gone by. Polytheistic religious ideas are evident in the inscriptions and dedications of various temples and shrines, the myths and legends of particular gods, the recorded or observed practices of various cults and rituals, hymns and prayers that were transcribed by the priests and priestesses of the temples. The Mesopotamian thought process and religious ideas were characterized by polytheism coupled with a unique pessimism. In Mesopotamia, city-states were theocracies. The king was rega rded as the political and religious leader of the city-state. He was the people’s representative to the gods, and was the ‘First Servant’ of the gods to the people. Individual city-states often adopted a patron god to worship as their chief god. but recognized the validity of other gods and worshiped them on appropriate occasions. However, one god would be chosen as a patron god to aid them in time of war or crisis.... lands on Mt. Nimush, he offers sacrifice to the gods. The gods responded by gathering like flies around the sacrifice having not received any because humanity was destroyed by the flood: "the gods smelled the sweet savour, and collected like flies over a sheep sacrifice." 2. Only the best yield of the land and best animals were sacrificed at these rituals. It was their conviction that Gods could be appeased only by these offerings. So they had to be of optimum quality. The whole community would be involved in these rituals. Localized or private cults dedicated to a particular god that limited membership to a few or an elite also emerged, but the predominant forms of cultic worship involved the whole community; rich and poor; artisan and craftsmen, city-dwellers and country folk. Mesopotamian polytheism had many gods and goddesses that were immortal, but these gods had gender and specific functions or duties, and thus, limited powers. While they may appear to have been powerful and immortal, they were very human, in terms of behavior and emotions. They had the full range of human emotions: they expressed fear, lust, anger, envy, greed; yet the gods also expressed love, compassion, and a sense of justice, as well as, injustice and revenge. One notices an incredible and overwhelming mood of pessimism and insecurity that underlines the Mesopotamian Weltanschauung (world-view). The Mesopotamians viewed their relationship with their gods in this way rather consistently. Since they were devoid of political and personal security, the threat of constant war contributed to a sense of dread, uncertainty, and pessimism. This is potrayed in the "Lament for Ur", in which the goddess Ningal recounts the destruction of Ur in wartime and the sufferings of her

Photography Under Consideration and All Aspects of Art and Visual Essay

Photography Under Consideration and All Aspects of Art and Visual Design - Essay Example Photography has been applied in the need to complete information sharing and articulate the plot development in relaying stories. The need to present a visual communicative, the process has been involved in the desire to present the information within the visual process. Photography has been applied to relay a vivid informative, process that complements the visual elements within the created form (Norton 1). Depending on the means applied to take photos and the medium applied in completing the final piece, the visual composition may vary from a medium to the next. Pictures have been applied in variable platforms to predict the outcome of an event and record memories for future reference. All aspects of art and visual design are included in an outstanding piece to give the picture form and definition. However, colour may not be the leading element within the picture composition because forms devoid of the entity have managed to predict outstanding visual composition (Norton 1). To ana lyze a pictorial composition, the forms captured within the frame, direction and angle of the shot can be analyzed to create the information desired to read the mood of the composition. The photography under consideration has been taken in the wild with nature as the subject of the study. The six photos captured have been taken from a similar location and the time for the shoot fluctuates from variable periods. The first shot taken suggests that the photographer had been having a worm's eye view with the towering trees and sky as the subject. The picture taken during the morning period presents an almost perfect balance of the captured features within the window frame.

Global Cities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Cities - Research Paper Example A global city will thrive if the local residents feel that the city is true to itself as well as the people because they are the ones that created the city in the first place. According to Taylor (2013), the two needs of local residents that should not be ignored are housing and availability of jobs. When a city becomes flocked with foreigners, the economy shoots up, and the basic amenities tend to be very expensive. Housing becomes too expensive for the locals and the foreigners who can afford to pay rent settles in the city. This means that the locals will be forced to live in the poor neighborhoods. The scarcity of jobs is also a very crucial issue. Big firms often employ very skilled people, who most likely are foreigners. The locals will effectively be left without employment. This issue should also not be ignored to avoid conflict between locals and foreigners. There are consequences that may occur if a global city exiled the middle class and working class. According to Grimes and Morris, (1997), one of them is the lack of labor. Teachers, firefighters and police are needed in a city. Such professionals also need an affordable place to settle. Secondly, there will be a lack of upward mobility, and the low-income earners will have a hard time climbing the social ladder. Another consequence is that there will be a wide gap between the poor and the rich, leading to social

Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Abortion In A Postmodern Society Religion Essay

Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Abortion In A Postmodern Society Religion Essay The Christian response to abortion in our western culture has been a matter of preserving the sanctity of life. Although it would seem to be cut and dry to a Christian that abortion violates that sanctity of life, it continues to face constitutional evolvement, differing worldviews, the scrutiny of the more liberal medical profession, and school text books for Christians. All of these concerns illustrate a wayward compass, lacking the ability to find true north. Society continues to weigh the simple yet complex definitions of personhood. Abortion is purported to be morally justified by pro-choice advocates in the postmodern culture. The question of what is right or wrong continues to be argued on both sides of the issue. For instance, the religious community cannot reach agreement, cites Rothstein and Williams (1983), on what a person consists of or when a person begins life. This paper will contend that the postmodern attitude towards abortion in a theistic society has been characterized as ambivalent and such that a society, exposed to liberal schools of thought, and changing modern and family values, errs on the side of science and convenience. Further, decision makers on the pro-choice side have used their agenda to further their secular beliefs through education, and a cavalier approach to sex which gives rise to sexual promiscuity. Additionally, there have been declines in moral thresholds, church attendance, theological literacy, and respect for gender roles in the family. Ambivalent Abortion Attitudes in a Postmodern Theistic Society Disputes over abortion are usually very heated due to the involvement of conflicting worldviews. Abortion is going to have difficulty attempting to reside within a Christian worldview, based purely on their opposing logic. Furthermore, abortion can comfortably maintain itself within the worldview of liberal postmodernism. Challengers of abortion are aware that they are supporting the rights of human life even though they may not be cognizant that they are also supporting the Christian worldview. Also, supporters of legal abortions identify that they are securing a womans right to choose even though they may not be completely aware of their support to the postmodern worldview. A worldview adds perspective and helps us identify with the world around us and how we deduce and appraise not only what we see but how we perceive ourselves to our understanding of life. Religion has the ability to hone a persons worldview, which starts to develop and institute moral perspectives. Religion serves as a main source for determining right and wrong, good and bad, just and unjust (Durkheim, 1954 p. 43). In order to have a credible understanding of the postmodern view on abortion which will be discussed next, both opposing views must be examined in order to explain why a postmodern view in a theistic society would embrace a pro-abortion stance. This will explain the difficulty in finding a common ground, in regard of the issues of abortion, and why conversion at this point is not viable especially since postmodern tenets lean toward the secular decision making. Comparative analysis of postmodernism and theistic views: Man is a created being and has a composition pre-determined by an intelligent and purposeful design, as opposed to the secular contention where mans indiscriminate evolvement has no predetermined nature or design. Man is an immortal spirit being in which dwells a mortal body, compared to the secular point of view where man is wholly a physical animal and or machine. Moral law governs universally through marriage, sexual activity, and family, while secularism sees morality as culturally and or individually determined. Luker (1984) sites these differing views as conflicting, pro-choice activist women share almost no common premises and very little common language with antiabortion activist women; in particular, the worldviews and conceptions of motherhood held by the two different groups of women are antithetical (p. 2). The cultural war on abortion has many fronts and those who adhere to liberal postmodernism or answer to liberal postmodern ideology are likely to frame lawful abortion as a set of rights or privileges for the women who in many cases become pregnant carelessly. Hauerwas, author of Theologically Understood, says that liberals not Christians in America are tempted to think of issues like abortion primarily in legal terms such as rights. He explains rights as an agreement between members in a society who have nothing in common and in this context the prolife plus prochoice factions. Hauerwas states that within a liberal society such as ours, the law functions as a mediator of such disagreements. He gives an example of our system of law by saying, Why do Christians call abortion, abortion and that is to say why Christians think that abortion is a morally problematic term? (Hauerwas, 1991, p. 5). Hauerwas demystifies years of elusions by calling abortion, abortion which is already an achievement based on principles. Pro-choice is pro-abortion using the phrase termination of pregnancy, the postmodernist has reduced the churchs involvement and reallocated the moral responsibility onto the medical profession. For most of the twentieth century, abortion was removed from public scrutiny by defining it as a question of medical judgment (Emerson, 1996, p. 44). By circumventing the church we can easily foretell any future decision making within a postmodern society towards abortion. By defining that mistake as take God out of anything and it dies as pointed out here by Nietzsche, parable of a madman Do we smell anything yet of Gods decomposition? Isnt this the crux of postmodern wisdom which is inserting Gods insignificance into the minds of our youth? A culture cannot lose its philosophic center without the most serious of consequences, not just to the philosophy on which it was based but to the whole superstructure of culture and even each persons notion of who he or she is. When God dies, both the substance and the value of everything else die too (Sire, 2004, p. 211). This leads to the next point on Postmodernisms thinking on the sanctity of life, which has created a pro-abortion crisis in America. In the United States alone the abortion rates have increased from 898,000 in 1974 to 1,533,000 in 1980. These figures indicate that on an average day in Washington D.C., abortions are outnumbering live births. Twenty-five percent of all pregnancies are terminated in this manner and forty percent among teenagers. Approximately twenty percent of all women in the United States have had a legal abortion. Sixty percent were under twenty-five years of age, and eighty-two percent were unmarried at the time of their abortions. Sixty-nine percent of these individuals were white. This is the latest available information provided by researchers by the Henshaw, Koonin Smith Institute (1991). The above information shows the influential state and the wide acceptance of abortion and its use as a solution rather than as a last resort. Another way we see secular conditioning, is through what we read, which raises the question are we neglecting to effectively provide enough alternatives to abortions, such as adoption? For a number of generations we have been stealth fully preconditioning society by removing God from public education. Here for example a member of the Texas board of education is reported saying There seems to be a misinformed view of religion in American history, that America is somehow founded on Christianity, and Mize said, We just ask that things be historically accurate (Castro, 2010, Â ¶7). That certainly lessens the burden of trying to understand a postmodern view towards the ultimate decision to dismiss life, since a form of preconditioning has shown a dismissive attitude towards abortion. The textbook often provides the central focus and organizing framework for courses, and students, in turn rely on textbooks as their most readily available source of information about the course topics (Geersten, 1977, p. 102). Postmodern theists are also finding difficulty with the abortion issue when it comes to their education as pointed out here, Evangelicals for the most part tend to adhere to their education group rather than their religion with regards to their abortion attitudes (Schmalzbauer, 1993, p. 6). Education will no doubt reconstruct the minds of our youth as pointed out by Evans when he commented on Wuthnow, 1988 education is a more powerful opinion structuring force than religious discourse itself, and most studies find that the more education a respondent has, the more liberal his or her abortion attitudes (Evans, 2002, p. 418). This helps answer why a postmodern society raises and nurtures its most influential citizens into embracing such secular ideas as Humanism, Naturalism, and Theistic Existentialism. Postmodernism is here to stay and to evolve. It is a major paradigm shift that has vast and deep impact on the world. When modernity hits hard on Christianity, many sociologists predict the inevitable demise and even eradication of Christianity by secularism (Bruce Steve, 1996, Â ¶5). Also having the primarily secularists controlling how textbooks are written and studied can only point to the trickling down effect of God within the hearts of men. By the mid-1990s abortion had been legal for two decades, and the population had become more educated and more secular, and other sociodemographic trends found abortion increasingly acceptable (Strickler Danigelis, 1999, p. 188). There should be equal worry over issues which are of immediate concern for all such as poverty, global warming, aids prevention, war, and more. All of these are of equal value and worth investigation and debating, but abortion is not equated with the same balance of equality. Given the recent numbers of elective abortions, 1,533,000 in 1980 as sited earlier tell us that there are many women who continue to share ambivalent feelings toward abortion. I was pregnant, I carried two unborn children and I chose, for completely selfish reasons, to deny them life so that I could better my own (Flodin, 1990, Â ¶3). If we are going to find a way to bring back the sanctity within our society, we must implement formal instructions in morals and principles as an essential component of the public school curriculum. Secularism campaigns alongside ambivalence; in America we become too complicated with our competing convictions? The answer lies in our public school system which according to the first amendment, Public schools may not inculcate nor inhibit religion. They must be places where religion and religious conviction are treated with fairness and respect. Public schools uphold the First Amendment when they protect the religious liberty rights of students of all faiths or none. Schools demonstrate fairness when they ensure that the curriculum includes study about religion, where appropriate (Haynes, 2010, P.1). An upward battle will continue as long as postmodernists maintain a distant relationship with God. Teachers are permitted to wear no obtrusive jewelry, such as a cross or Star of David. But teachers should not wear proselytizing message (e.g., Jesus Saves T-shirt). (Haynes, 1999, p.7). Here is an example of secular reasoning, Attorneys for Kandice Smith, a sixth-grader at Curry Middle School in Walker County, Alabama, filed a lawsuit in federal court to overturn what they called an unconstitutional dress code. In August, the school banned cross necklaces as part of its new dress code claiming they are gang symbols. School officials threatened to discipline Smith if she didnt hide the cross under her clothes. (Rock star, 1999, Â ¶4). As long as the cross is reviewed as a gang sign abortion will always be consider as a first option. Postmodern societies lean towards abortion as a first consideration rather than as a last resort because it rests in their understanding of God. The postmodern cultures, bible illiteracy clearly exemplifies the ease in which abortion decisions are made, and how religious freedom can be extrapolated from law to err on the side of the secularist, consequently making the first amendment null and void. In conclusion, how can a Christian in a postmodern society consider abortion not as a viable solution to a complex moral issue? The abortion debate has polarized Americans like no other national problem. The abortion issue has created a vast partitioning across Americas cultural, and religious lines, which is also evident at the individual, political, and ecclesiastical levels. How then can a Christian in a postmodern theistic society protect forty percent of future teenage abortions in a society which is profoundly secular given the tenet that abortion is a right? This certainly points to a valid concern held by many Christians, and alludes to a valid misrepresentation on prolife options within our school textbooks. From 1988 through 1993 sampling 27 textbooks representing 16 publishers covering a period of 6 years (Kathy Shepherd Elaine Hall, 1994, p. 267). They referenced topics such as, abortion and legal cases such as Roe v. Wade, pro-life, birth control, teen pregnancy, and reproduction. Citations for abortion were indexed more than 60 times and adoption citations were indexed under 13 headings. Also with this study acknowledgement to abortion was tendered 4 times more page space than adoption. The Humanist manifesto will continue as long as Gods heritage is denied in public school courses. This is happening all across America, schools are simply not teaching about God, and by leaving out His heritage the significance of abortion will continue to all future generations. A theist in a postmodern society must find a way to respect the law of the land that does not mean they take part in it nor does it mean they have to protest, through legal channels its validity. If we are to be effective on the other side, we ourselves will have to become less modern and more postmodern-not completely of it, of course, but more completely in it. (McLaren, 2000, p. 168).

Prejudice and Racism Today :: Sociology Racism Prejudice Essays

"...Everybody jumped on him, beat the hell out of him... Everybody was hitting him or kicking him. One guy was kicking at his spine. Another guy hitting on the side of the face... He was unconscious. He was bleeding. Everybody had blood on their forearms. We ran back up the hill laughing... He should have died... He lost so much blood he turned white. He got what he deserved" (Ridgeway 167.) The skinheads who performed this random act of racial violence in 1990, had no reason to brutally beat their victim other than the fact that he was Mexican (Ridgeway 167). Racism is objectively defined as any practice of ethnic discrimination or segregation. Fortunately, racial violence is steadily declining as the turn of the century approaches. Now a new form of racism, covert racism, has recently sprung from the pressures of political correctness. This new form of racism, although slowly declining, still shows signs of strong support (Piazza 86). Covert racism assumes a form of civil disobedience against politically correct thought and speech. Essentially, covert racism is a "hidden" racism, or a racism not easily detected (Piazza 78). "Racism is still strongly prevalent in today's society" (Gudorf 3). The three different basic forms of racism, open racism, violent racism, and covert racism all express forms of hatred towards distinct ethnic groups (Bender 47). These basic forms of racism, although different in form, all have the same main purpose, to promote racism. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. Open racists promote their views through strictly persuasionary tactics. This form of racism is allowed in our society because of the First Amendment. Open racism is currently almost nonexistent and steadily declining, because it is considered politically incorrect and socially unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence, fear, and persuasionary tactics (Leone 49) This form of racism is not protected by the First Amendment because it promotes violence to express its ideas. Unfortunately many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and therefore these groups are protected by the First Amendment because not enough sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent (Ridgeway 123). Covert racism expresses ideas of racism in disguised forms; sometimes the covert racist is not even aware of the fact that he is racist. "Racism, it is asserted, is no longer blatant: people nowadays are reluctant to express openly their dislike of and contempt for minorities, indeed are not prepared to express publicly a sentiment that could be interpretted as racist. Racism, it is said, is subtle: it is disguised, kept out of sight" (Enrlich 73) "The

Alternatives to Prison Summary

need of â€Å"correction† than the prisoner. The caring communities have yet to be built. from Instead of Prisons: A Handbook for Abolitionists Why Decriminalize? Abolitionists advocate drastically limiting the role of criminal law. We do this not because we wish to encourage certain behaviour, but because we realize that criminal sanctions are not an effective way of dealing with social problems. There are far too many laws on the books. It would be prohibitively expensive to enforce them all. This results in unjust and arbitrary law enforcement. Powerless persons are imprisoned while more powerful persons go free. People of colour, first nations and poor people bear the brunt of unequal law enforcement. The crimes most frequently considered for decriminalization are those which are â€Å"victimless†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. offenses that do not result in anyone's feeling that she has been injured so as to impel himher to bring the offense to the attention of the authorities †¦. behaviour not injurious to others but made criminal by statutes based on moral standards which disapprove of certain forms of behaviour while ignoring others that are comparable. A system â€Å"bursting at its seams† is perhaps the most visible effect of overcriminalization. Overcriminalization encourages the wide use of discretionary power in law enforcement. Because there is no complainant, police resort to questionable means of enforcement. Investigative techniques used to gather evidence are often immoral and sometimes illegal. These include entrapment, use of informers, wiretapping and use of constitutional rights such as illegal search and seizure, invasion of the right to privacy and self-incrimination. from Instead of Prisons Alternatives to Incarceration Imprisonment should be a last resort. The presumption should be against its use. Before any offender is incarcerated, the prosecution should bear the burden of proving in an evidentiary hearing that no other alternative exists. An equal burden should be required for the denial or revocation of â€Å"good time†, probation and parole, which really are only other ways of imposing imprisonment†¦ We should further reduce our excessive reliance on prisons by making extensive use of alternatives to imprisonment, such as fines, restitution, and other probationary methods, which could at least as effectively meet society's need for legal sanctions. However, such alternatives must be made available to all people who have committed similar offenses, so as not to become a means for the more affluent to buy their way out of prison. And where some kind of confinement seems necessary, halfway houses, community centres, group homes intermittent sentences, and other means of keeping offenders within the community should be preferred to prison. from A Program for Prison Reform